කුමරතුගු මුණිදස් සාහිත විවිසු මග - සමන් එම් කාරියකරවන

l=ur;=Õ= uqKsoia idys; újiq u.

                 iuka tï¡ ldßhlrjk¡

Tyq cSj;a jq ikao¾Nh

l=udr;=x. uqksodi Y+ßka bmso we;af;a 1887'07'25 osk h' Tjqkaf.a wNdjh 1944 ud¾;= 02 jk osk isÿ j we;' uq¿ wdhq ld,h jir 57 ls' ^wyqnqq¥ wßfika" 1957"i& tu flá cSú; ld,h ;=< .%ka: 118la Tyq úiska iïmdokh lrkq ,en we;' 1917 oS m< lr we;s —idudkH oekSu ms<sn| m%YaK˜ kue;s fmd;ska wdrïN jq .%ka:lrK l%shdj,sh 1943 m< l< —lõ is¿ñK fm< .eiafuka ˜yudr fõ' Tyqf.a wNdjfhka miq j o m< fkd l< w;a msgm;a f,i mej;s .%ka: 23 la m< fldg we;' ^foi;sh" 1994'02'28"14 ms& tu ish¨ .%ka: w;r ixialrK 26 la o" újrK 32 lao iajhx ks¾udK 40 la o fõ' —l%shd újrKh˜"—l=udr jHdlrKh˜" —wl=re ieye,a,˜" —jHdlrK újrKh˜ jeks lD;s NdIdj yd jHdlrKh b.ekaùu wruqKq fldg rpkd fldg we;' ldjH lrKfha oS wjYH úß;a" w,xldr ri wdoS ixl,am meyeos,s lsÍug —lú YslaIdj˜" —úß;a jelsh˜" —lõ rih˜" —rihkh˜ jeks lD;s m< fldg we;' .oH m%nkaOlrKh i|yd Wmfoia oSug —m%nkafOdamfoaYh˜ o Bg WodyrK f,i—m%nkaO ix.%yh˜o m< lr ;sfí ^wurisß .=Kjvq" 2501" 176-177¡ms&

Tyqf.a idys;Hlrk l%shdj,sh isõ jeoEreï fõ' tkï ks¾udKlrKhg Wmfoia oSu" f;fï u ks¾udKlrKfha fhoSu úpdrh lsÍu yd ri úoSu mqyqKq lsÍu hkq ta Ndú;hka y;rhs' thska fuys oS wOHhkhg nªka jkqfha Tjqka wkqo;a ks¾udfKdamfoaY úpdr yd riúkaofkdamfoaY hk ud¾.;%h muKs'

uq,dY%

fuu wOHhkh i|yd Tjqkaf.a mq¾fjdala; ud¾.;%h wrnhd lrk ,o iïm%odkh msßlaiSug WmldÍ jk my; oelafjk uq,dY% mdol lr.kq ,efí'

moHlrKh úpdrh yd riúkaokh wrnhd l< lD;s

1' lú YslaIdj                         5' .x.dfrdayK j¾Kkd újrKh

2' úß;a jelsh                         6' uhqr ikafoaY újrKh

3' l=lújdoh^Tyqf.a ,sms&              7' uqj foõ od újrKh

4' jjq¨j úúiskqu

.oH lrKh" úpdrh wdY%s; WmfoaY yd úpdr lD;s

1' m%nkafOdamfoaYh

2' m%nkaO ix.%yh

3' t¿ w;a;k.¨ jxY újrKh - ix{dmkh

fuu uq,dY%j,g wu;r j —iqni˜ —iajfoaY ñ;%hd˜ —,la ñKs myk˜ hk mqj;am;ays we;eï ,sms o fï wOHhkh i|yd uq,dY% fldg .kS'¹ l=ur;=Õ=jka ljr idys;H l,d kHdhka Ndú;hg .kS o@ Tjqkaf.a idys;H l,d kHdh ljr wruqKq fj; keUqreù o@ úpdrfha oS l=ur;=Õ= wkkH;dj ljrdldrfhka y÷kd .; yels o@ hk uq,sl .eg¿ fmroeß fldg f.k fuu wOHhkh isÿ flf¾' tys oS Tyq ia:dk.; jq ,dxflah idys;H l,d ikao¾Nh ms<sn|j o wjYH ;rfï wjOdkhla fhduq flf¾'

l=ur;=Õ= fM;sydisl ikao¾Nh

wo wm N=la;s ú|sk Ydia;% m%fndaOfha wdrïNlhd jq 1778 uehs udifha oS wmj;a ù jod<" 18 jeks Y;j¾Ifha oS ,laosj Ydia;%df,dalh o,ajd Æ je,súg irKxlr ix>rdc ysñf.ka werö Ydia;% m%fndaOh kka .sys meúos mvqjka w;ska j¾Okh úh' ^.ï,;a iqpß;" úl%uisxy B'ta' 1996"20-22¡ms& úúO iajhx ks¾udK" ixialrK" újrK" m%ldYk wdosh u.ska miq ld,Sk mvqjka w; isxy, idys;H j¾Okh úh' tys iajNdjh ;;a mßos úia;D; j o; hq;af;da m'n'cs' fyajdjiï úiska rÑ; ud;r hq.fha idys;HOrfhka yd idys;H ksnkaOk hk lD;sh^1966& lshùu fhfyls'

idys;H úpdrh iïnkaOfhka jq kq;k l;sldj werfUkqfha 1806 oS ud;r fukaosia iurfialr osidkdhl uqykaosrï ;=ud úiska úrÑ; —.x.dfrdayK j¾Kkdfõ˜ irï uqo,s ms<sn| ,shjqkq isf,daj w,,d .d¨ osidfõ tjlg isá fY%aIaG;u lúhd jq ñysßmekafka Oïur;k ysñhka úiska lrkq ,enq úpdrfhks' fuh flá ,sms yqjudrejlska fl<jr jqjo miq lf,l fcañia o w,aúia mç;=uka úiska rÑ; —iso;a iÕrd mßj¾;kfha˜ irï hkak ksjeros nj  oelaùu m%p,s;   —iõ i;a oï jdohg˜ uÕ mEoS h' fuh b;d u wYa,S, ixjdohla njg fmr<sK' l=<f.d;a kskaodj,ska fï jdoh msÍ .sfha h' úpdrh úIfhys tjl mej;s Ndú;h flnª o hkak tu.ska jgyd .; yels h' ^fyajdjiï m'n'cs' 1966'316'317& fcaïia o w,aúia mçjrhdf.a idys;H ueosy;a ùï úpdrh úIfhys jeo.;a ia:dkhla ysñ lr .kS' isxy, idys;Hdj,sh ms<sn| uq,a wjêfha l< jeo.;a ú.%yhla f,i Tyqf.a iso;a iÕrd mßj¾;k ye|skaùu oelaúh yels h' iiodj; yd uqj foõodj; Wiia l=i,d;dfjka hqla; lúhka fo fmd<la úiska rÑ; nj" O¾um%oSmsldj yd wudj;=r w;sYh ksjeros Í;shlska m%nkaO lrk ,o nj" mqcdj,sh l¾;D Wiia f,aLK l=i,;dfjka hqla; nj" lúis¿ñK wmf.a fY%aIaG ldjH w;=ßka tlla nj ldjH fYaLrfhys .eUqre m%;sNd Yla;shla ksjeros ´fcda .=K imsß nia jyrla we; o lúis¿ñfKa we;s w,xldr T!od¾hh tys fkdue;s nj t;=uka tfia m< l< we;eï woyia fõ' ^De Alwis, 1852,Clxvi-cxc& ^ú;drK úkS"2004"327-328& fudyqg iuld,Sk wjêfha u Ydia;%Sh lrkq wrnhd we;s jq lõñKs fldf~d, jdoh .=;a;s, jdoh jeks jdo o úpdr l;sldj iqug lsÍfï,d odhl úh'

.=;a;s, ldjH j¾Kkdj - ^1907 yd 1916& iqNdIs; j¾Kkdj ^ 1917& j¾Kkd iys; fldals, ikafoaYh-^1924 uhqr ikafoaY j¾Kkdj ^1928& wdoS lD;s m< lrñka kQ;k idys;H úpdrh fmdaIKh lsÍfï,d odhl jq m~qfjl= f,i ví,sõ't*a' .=Kj¾Ok jdi, uqo,s;=uka m%Odk ;ekla .kshs' iïNdjH lD;s úfõpkh tu l¾;Dkag lrk .erySula fkdj th Ydia;%jka;hkaf.a hym; msKsi jkafkah hkak fyf;u y~ k.d m%ldY lf<a h' Tyq w;ska idys;H úpdrh i|yd iqL kuH ixialD;sl Ndú;hla ks¾udKh ùug hï miqìula ks¾udKh úh'

l=udr;=x.hkaf.a idys;H úpdr m%fõYh isÿ jqfha fu jeks fM;sydisl l%shdj,shlg miqjhs¡ Tyqg iuld,Sk j Y%Su;a ã'î' ch;s,l" je,súáfha fidar; ysñ" ud¾áka úl%uisxy" nâ,sõ't*a' .=Kj¾Ok wdoS uyd m%{dfhda msßila cSj;a jqy' 1927 fmnrjdß ui 2 jk osk wdkkao úoHd,fha mej;s mKaä; iNdfõ Wka .sys mvqjkaf.a kï —l=lújdoh˜ lD;sfha chka; ùrfialrhka ^nq¡j(2482&fufia olajd we;'

1' .re ã'î' ch;s,l

2' iS'ví'ví' lkakka.r

3' ã'iS' fiakdkdhl

4' jdi, uqo,s ví' t*a' .=Kj¾Ok

5' uqksodi l=udr;=x.

6' uqo,s fyrâ .=Kr;ak

7' kS;s{ pd,aia vhia

8' wdhq¾fõodpd¾h î'we,a' weia' lú;s,l

9' ví'ã'iS' jd.SYajr

10' f.!rj ;shfvda¾ cS' fmf¾rd msh;=ud

11' ;=vdfõ mKaä; .=Kj¾Ok

12' mKaä; ã' weï' iurisxy

13'uqo,s ;ekam;a fjda,ag¾ iurisxy hk wh tys jqy'

l=ur;=Õ= idys;H l,d iïm%odkh ia:dk .; jQfha mQ¾fjdala; m~qjka mrmqr uOHfha h¡

Tjqkaf.a ks¾udfKdamfoaY /ila u ,lañKs myk yd iqnfia m< j we;' lúYslaIdj yd úß;a jelsh hk lD;s fofla o tu lreKq olajd we;'.foHdamfoaY m%nkafOdamfoaYfha olajd we;¡ fu ;eka yS tu lreKq l=udr;=x.hkaf.a fi!kao¾h kHdfhys we;s iqúfYaI;ajh jgyd .; yels mßos úu¾Ykh flf¾'

úß; ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a u;h

fyf;u úß; ms,sn| orK u;h b;d ixlS¾K jQjls' Tyq lúh hkakg m¾hdi f,i—úß;a jelsh˜ hk kduh Ndú; lsÍfuka u th yefÕa' iïm%odhsl úß;a .K Ydia;%doshg jvd Tyq úYajdi lrkq ,enqfha lúhd ;=< we;s ks¾udKYS,s nj flfrys h' lúhd mo fifkúfhl= úh hq;= nj fya mejiS h' tjeks mo fifkúfhl= wKÿka lf<l finÆ jq mo ukdj fm< .efi;s' —t;ekg fu;ekg ksis mo oue l=iqfuõ isà˜ ^úß;a jelsh" úß;a úg 152& úß;a rlskakg wre;a ri kid mo úlr lrk lúhd b;d ksjgfhls hs Tyq mjihs' bgq wksgq wl=re yd .K wdosh wdOqkslhka ìh lsÍug l=lùka tjk fyd,auka f,i fya olshs' l=lúkg yeu wl=re hu m,a,ka nÿ h' iqlsùka w; tajd iqr l=ureka fõ' lúfha rihg bjy,a jk ;rfï m%udKhg hï wl=rla wjd" iqr fyda kr jkjd ñi wjd" iqr" kr wdoS wlaIrj, fNaohla ke;ehs fyf;u fkd nd lSh'  úßf;ys wl=re ;=k ne.ska f.k ;kk —.K˜ wjYH ke;s nj fya mjihs' —u;a leᘠoekqu uq;a —l=re leᘠoekqula l=ugoehs wid .K Pkaofhys we;s lreKq m%;slafIam lrhs' tfuka u bgq wksgq .K ms<sn| ixl,amh o m%;slafIam lrhs¡ fï bgq wksgq fNao i,lkqfjda fudavfhda nj fyf;u mjihs'

         ßis wl=rla" ßis - u;a leáhla f.ke fhdojq

         úß;Zre;a ri úreÿ - fkdfõ kï" lsis fodia ke;s  ^úß;aúg ( 154¡ms&

fya lúhdf.a ksoyi fnfyúka w.h lf<a fjhs' lúhd lõ f,dj uynTq nj;a Tyqg jrola l< yels wl=frla u;a leáfhla .Kfhla ke;ehs fyf;u mjihs' Tjqkaf.a m%Yia: u ldjH úpdr iïm%odkh jq jjq¨j úúiskqfï t<shg jeä f.!rjhla fkd oelaùu he ldjHfhl uy;au t<sh we;s lrkqfha hs ^1939 ^2006& ( 3992& Tyq mjihs' t<s jeg;a t<siu lsÍu;a l=ur;=Õ=jkaf.a we.hSug ,la fkd ù h' tfy;a fyf;u iïm%odhsl ud;%d Pkaoia Ydia;%h l%uj;a j lshd oSug úß;a jelsfha fndfyda bvla fjka lr we;'

Tjqyq ldjHfha w¾: rih fuka u úß;a rih o we.ehQy' w¾: rih ixialD;sl fõ' Yío rih m%dlD;sl jQjls¡ th ishÆ i;=kag f.dapr fõ¡ w¾: rih ñksia ri fjfiils Yío rih ;sßika ri f,i l=ur;=.=jka olajd we;af;a kuqÿ Bg .¾yd;aul wre;la oS ke;' úßf;a we;s Yío rih ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a idOkSh woyia funÿ h'

—idudkH jYfhka f,dalfhys —iskaÿ˜ he lshkafka fï jD;a; rih w;s rpkdj,g¡ NIdj l=ula jqj;a lfula kE' jD;a;h ñysß kï ñksiaiq m%S;sfhka wid isá;s' iQ¾hfiak fojhkaf.a o fk¿ï foaúhf.a o isxy, me,a lú f.dhï lú wid hqfrdamd foaYjdisyq fndfyda m%Yxid flfr;a Æ¡ fou<" bx.%Sis" yskaÿia;dka isxÿ wikakg ta NdId fkd okakd isxy,fhda lS fofkla fh;a o@ ñksiaiq isá;ajd" ;sßikakq o fï rih m%S;sfhka ú|skafkda he'''''' fufia lshkqfha fndre fkdfõ¡ jeoafoda ñysß Yíofhka uqjkaf.a is;a ne|e Wka urd .ks;s' wys;=Kaälhd k<djla msUe khd kgjhs" f.dhï rlakd .eyeks lú lshd j,a i;=ka f.dhï lEfuka j<lhs¦ .e,a mojkakd lú lshd nr wosk .jhska k<jhs''''''' wfyda" wdYap¾hfhlaæ ñg foúfhda o fm<efU;a ¨¡ ff;%ia;jhka f.a foaj mqcdfjle oS meje;afjk .S; udOq¾hh weiq l,e lk ta foig fkd kud is; tys fkd ne|e isáhe yelaflla fõ kï ienehska ta uyd fhda.sfhls˜' ^l=udr;=x. 1939" 10 megqu ( 67 - 68 ms&¡

fyf;u úß; ms<sn| oela jq wdl,amh m%.;sYS,s jqjls' fya tys Ndú;h iu;sl%uKh lrhs' tkï ksfYaOkSh wx. fy<d idOkSh wx. j¾Okh lrhs' iïNdjH il= u.Od oS YíO Ydia;%.; ldfjHdamfoaY {dkfhka ,nd .;a úß;a oekqu fya ,!lsl wkqN+;Ska m%ldYkhg WÑ; mßos ir, o ksoyia o jq Ndú;hla njg m;a lrhs' tu.ska lúh hkafkys mej;s wdlD;sl iSud jvd mq¿,a lrhs' ksoyi wrnhd ksoyfia ldjH lrKfha kshe,Sug lùkag u. yir fy<s lrhs'

ks¾udK;aul .=Kh weÕhSu

i¾. jYfhka ne|s úg uyd ldjHhla isoaO jkafkah hk iïNdjH ixialD; w,xldßl u;h;a b;d oS¾> jq jekqï iys; idfgdam id,dxldr ldjH ud¾.h;a Tjqkaf.a m%Yxidjg ,la fkd fõ' wkqldrl lù;ajh Tyq fkd nd fkd we.hS h' t;=uka —isxy, ldjH Ydia;%h˜ kñka —iajfoaY ñ;%hd˜ mqj;am;g ,shq ,sms fmf,a isõ jk ,smsfha os 1925 cqks ui 7 jk osk m< jq mqj;a mf;ys m< l< ,smsfhka f;dg.uqfõ isß ry,a ysñhkaf.a uyd ldjHh jq —ldjH fYaLrfha˜ we;s lú ms<sn| ks¾udKYS,S .=Kh iïnkaOfhka jq meKhka u;= lrhs'

—lúrkqyr;sÉPdhd - u¾:x l=lú( mox fpdr(˜

hk Yaf,dalh olajd fmr oelajqKq Yaf,dald¾Oh mßos kï —ldjH fYaLr˜ l¾;Dyq yg wh;a jkqfha zlúZ kduh fkdfõ hhs Tyq mjihs' fï Yaf,dalfha f;areu kï —lùyq yqÿ Pdhd ud;%h .ks;a w¾:h .kafka l=lúfhls' moh fyj;a jpkh .kakd fidfrls˜ hkakhs' ^ùrfialr chka;(2482& ks¾udKYS,S;ajh uy by<ska we.hq l=ur;=Õ=jka l=lújdo iudma;s uq¿fõ oS th wjOdrKh fldg we;' th ch;a ùrfialrfhda fufia olaj;a

—1927 oS fldf<dUe wk| úÿyf,ys meje;s l=lújdo uy uq¿fhys ish foiqu werUqfuys oS ue uqksoiqka lSfha ksueùfuys" w¨;ska ìys lsßfuys w.hhs' lõfialr lrejkaf.a l=lsúhdj fmkaùfuka Tjqka ksuejqï me;+ ieá oeka fmfka ˜ ^ùrfialr chka; 2482( 166&¡lùkaf.a ks¾udKYS,S .=Kh Tyq fndfyda ;ekaj, w.h lr we;'²

—w¨;a w¨;a oE fkd ;kk cd;sh f,dj fkd  k.S

 ysÕd lEu neßjqkq ;ek ,.S .hd ur            .S ˜

        hkqfjka úß;a jelsh msúiqfï ^3 moHh& fyf;u olajhs' ks¾udKYS,s .=Kh tys o mquqL fldg f.k we;' hg;a úcs; Ndjfhka ñoSu yqÿ foaYmd,k l%shdj,shla muKla f,i Tyq oel ke;' th ixialD;sl wNHdihla njg m;a lsÍu Tjqkaf.a wNs,dIh úh'

lõ lrkafka w¨;a  - oE is;ays ksmojhs

is;ska ksmojkafka - w;ska kj oE ;khs ^ úß;a jelsh msúiqu 3 moHh&

hkqfjka fyf;u i|yka lrhs' mqoa.,hd ika;dk.; hg;a úcs; Ndjfhka uqojd .ekSu fï l%shdj,sfha wruqKhs'

        Tjqkaf.a iudc foaYmd,k ueosy;a ùu ;=< o kj ks¾udK me;Sug iudch fm<Uùu oelsh yels h¡³ ,lañKs myfka l< lú ;rÕ ch.%yK ÿkafka o ks¾udKYs,s wdOqkslhkag h^ú;drK úkS" 2004( 334ms&'

ixialD; fi!kao¾h fõo ì| .ekSu

l=ur;=.=jkag iuld,Sk j úpdrh úIfhys ckm%sh j meje;s" ri" w,xldr" èjks" .=K" Í;s jeks il= w,xldrjdo ixfYdaOk iys; j fyf;u Ndú;hg .kshs' lúh hkq l=ulao" lúhd hkq ljfrla o hk m%YaKfha oS l=udr;=x.hka m%Odk u wx.h f,i .kq ,enqfha ks¾udKYS,S;ajhhs' tkï W;amdol Yla;shhs' Tjqka tjeks u w.hla rih flfrys o ,nd fok ,os'

—úfYaIfhka lúhlska - ri ueù isáh hq;= hehs o tod uq,ska oelajqfjda l=udr;=x.fhda h' iajfoaY  ñ;%hd mf;ys ^1927& ld,sodihkaf.a lú;ajh ms,sn| lreKq olajñka lúhl= flfrys rpkd pd;=¾hh o ri ksfõYk Yla;sh o ;sìh hq;= hehs mejiq t;=fuda idudkH ;eke;a;dg wfYdaNk fia;a ms<sl=,a lghq;= fia;a fmfkk oE lúhd ukyr j o is;a .kakd iq¿ j o mjikafka ta jia;=jg rihla leùfukehs fmkakd ÿkay' thg y;a jirlg miqj lú YslaIdfõ,d lúh kï ri .=,sfhls hs o 1939 oS m< l< iqnfia m<uq l<fò,d zrila ke;af;a ldjHhla fkdfõ¡ rifha m%udKfhka Wiia jq muKg he ldjH;ajfha m%udKh o Wiia jkqfha Z hs o uy;a wjOdrKfhka lSy˜ ^ú;drK úkS 2004 ( 334-335&¡

úß;a jelsfha ri úg mßlaId lsßfuka Tjqka ri jdofha uq,sl isoaOdka; ljr whqrlska ì| .kafka o hkak fiúh yels h' Tjqka ia:dhS Ndj —oi is;a fmr<s˜ f,i kï lrhs'

ßis - r;s                               ms<sl=,a - cq.=maid

iskd - ydi                            úiau - úiau

flda - fl%daO                          l=¨Kq - fYdal

jer - W;aidy                         ìh - Nh

l=yq,a - l=;=y,h                       kshe¿ï - ^ l,lsÍu& 

fuu ia:dhS Ndj 10ka ri 10la WmoS

leñ-Yx.dr                            ms<sl=¨qre- î N;ai

yeis - ydiHh                         úiañ- woaN+;

re¥re - fr!ø                          l¨qKq¨ - lreK

jerere - ùr                           nehs - Nhdkl

l=yq¨re - l=yq,                        kqj¿ ^Ydka;@&

Tyq olajk kqj¿ kï l,lsÍuhs' th Ydka; rihg m¾hdh o hkak .eg¿ iys; fõ' l=yq¨re hkq l=;=y,h hs¡ th rihla f,i ú|sh yels o hkak .eg¿ iys; h' tfy;a ks¾udKYS,s iudchla yd ksoyi Wfoid igka lrk iudchlg tjeks rihl wjYH;dj ;oska oekqkd úh yels h¡

        —lúhd kï Wiiau rifhka hq;a woyia Wiia u NdIdfjka m%ldY lrkakdhs˜' fyf;u ,lañKs mykska 1934 oS m%ldY lr we;' ^ú;drK úkS" 2004 ( 335& Tjqka lúYslaIdfjys —rij;a jq ksfodia lSu lúfhlshs˜ ks¾jpkh lrk ,os' tfuka u ksoyfia ri .,d hk úg ñksia fkd ñksia fNao fkd ;ld yqÿ yeÕ=ï ihqrla u jk fyhska th YsIag-wYsIag iSudfjka ne| ;nk ,os'

—ri iSud rys;h¦ tfyhska we;eï úg YsIag;ajfha iSud fkd ;ld ri weúfikakg ms<sjk' t ksid YsIag - wYsIag jYfhka ri m%fNao fldg ;el+y" l=udr;=x.fhda¡ ^ú<s ìh ke;a; jqkg l=kq irem rij;ahe tfy;a ta lú fkdfõhs mejeiqy'&''''' hula lshejq l,e weiq l,e ú,sìh we;a;jqkg rihla oefka kï ta lúfhls hkqfjka lúYslaIdfjys,d t;=fuda ri ixl,amh ixfYdaOkh l<y˜^ú;drK úkS"2004(335&¡ fuf,i ks¾udKYS,s .=Kh rij;a nj fuka u YslaIs; nj o idys;Hlrejd ;=< ;sìh hq;= nj fyf;u wjOdrKh lrk ,os'

        rih ms<sn| l=udr;=x. u;h Nr; uqKsjrhdf.a —kdgH Ydia;%fha ˜ i|yka wdldrh yd wNs kj.=ma;hkaf.a —wNskjNdr;Sh˜ fyda uïugf.a —ldjHm%ldY˜fhys fyda fyaupkaøhkaf.a —ldjHdkqYdikfha ˜ oelajq ri ixl,amhg tl;= lrk ,o fjkia jQ os.=jls' Tyq ri .Kkh l< fkd yels nj o  mjihs' tfy;a ri 10 la fmkajd fohs¡ ri ms<sn| ia:djr woyila Tjqkag fkd jq nj thska fmfk hs' rih iq;% .; l< fkd yels úIhla nj Tjqka oek isáhd úh hq;= h'

        w,xldr Ydia;%h isxy, idys;Hfha úfYaI jeo.;a lulska Ndú; j we;' wnd i<fujka rcq w;ska oKaãf.a ldjHdo¾Yh ishnia,lr uehska mßj¾:kh ù mej;Su;a iso;a iÕrdlrejd jHdlrK yd ckaoiaj,g wk;=rej w,xldr bosßm;a lr ;sîfukq;a ta nj meyeos,s fõ' w,xldr ms<sn| l=udr;=x.hkaf.a ú.%yh úß;a jelsfha ,lr úfgys;a m%nkafOdamfoaYfhys —w,xlrKh˜ kue;s mßÉfPaofha;aa ix.Dys; j olakg yels h' úß;a jelsfhys ,lr ms<sn| woyia ldjHlrKh Wfoid m< fldg we;' w¾:fha fyda m%ldY lrk wdldrfha is;a l¨ nj jevqu ,lr uehska ir, j w¾: .kajd we;' Wod ^iDcq& mejiqï yd jla ^jl%& mejiqï f,i m%ldYkh oaúfNaos; h' jl% m%ldYk l%u 14 la ix.%y fldg we;' ish,a, lshd ksu fldg ,lr m%ySk fldg ,hs' w,xldr jkfmd;a lsÍu ri yªkkafkl=g wjYH fkd jk nj fya mjihs' merKs ks¾udKfõoSka fï ,lr wdosh oek fkd isá nj;a" ,lrdosh iq;%.; lf<a ta uq,a ldjH .%ka:j, fhdod we;s fhÿï foi n,d nj;a mjiñka ks¾udKfõoshdf.a m%;sNdfõ w.h u w,xldrdoS iq;%j,g uq¥kska ;nhs   ^úß;a jelsh( ,lr úg&¡ w,xldr ú.%yfha oS Ndr;Sh w,xldrjdoSkag ìh fjñka kefuñka fkdj w,xldr kS;sfhys ;ks whs;sldrhd Tyq jq fihska fkd nd w,xldrjdoh h<s ix.%y lsÍug fyf;u iu;a fjhs'

        Tjqka fm!oa.,sl j u jfl%dala;shg uy reÑhla oelajqfjls' Yaf,aIdoS w,xldr iys; moH rpkfhys fmdfydakd ish;a núka fyf;u fmdfydi;a úh'

        l=ur;=Õ=jka il= èjks isoaOdka;h o weiqrg f.k we;' úß;a jelsfha wre;a úfgys wre;a osis" ksis" jeis f,i jdpHd¾:" ,laIKd¾: yd jHx.d¾: hk w¾:;%h u olajd we;¡ fya jHx.d¾: hkak w¾: .kajkqfha fu mßos h¡

        —jeis wre; mo tl tl fyda" mo iiÕ fyda" ueke |eke .; yels fkd fõ¦ úksúoe hk uke wefka˜ ^wre;aúg ( 88¡ms&

èjks wre; we;af;a NdIdfõ fkdj ixialD;sfha nj fya mjihs' NdIdfõ w¾: jHdmdrhg wh;a wx. úia;r lrñka èjksh m%ldYk udOHfha ñhr lshd fok oyula jk nj u fyf;u èjks; lrhs' f,aLkfha jHqyh ms<sn| lreKq /ila tys oS Tyq ú.%y fldg we;'

ks¾udK ld¾h úIfhys wkqo;a úkh

foúhka yefrkakg;a ìh ;ekays hl=ka mskqï .kjd hhs ck lshufkla we;' tys idrd¾:h kï hï úIhla ms<sn| oekqu wjfndaOh yd YslaIKh we;af;da tu úIfhys kshef,kqfha iqmßlaId ldß j h hkakhs¡ l=ur;=.=fjda fï iqÿiqlu fnfyúka w.h lf<da h' Tjqka .x.d frdayK j¾Kkd ix{dmkfhys  fufia olajhs

        —;¾l jHdlrKdoS Ydia;%hka fkdo;a muKg .oH moH nkaokhka lsÍu myiq nj we;s fõ¡ .ukfhys myiq nj we;af;a j,a wiqg he" yS,E wiqg fkdfõ' j,a wiqg L,Sk fhl=ÿ ke;s" icacdfjl=ÿ ke;s" weoao hq;= nfrl=ÿ ke;s" uÕ fkd uÕ fol ue iudk he¡ tfyhska Tyqf.a .uka wiïndO fjhs' fya jeg ¥g mkS¡ osh ¥g mSkd fhhs¡ jkh ¥g joS¡ fj<Ul ¥g miq lv .kS¡ Ydia;% fkd okakyqf.a m%nkaO lrKh o fun÷ he˜ ^l=udr;=x."2477( 5-6¡ms&¡

        ks¾udK ld¾h fyda úpdrlrKhg iyNdyS jk úoHd¾:shd ljr Ydia;%Sh ksoyila N=la;s úkao o th úIh .; m%ñ;Ska W,a,x>Kh fkd l< hq;= h¦ hkak ms<sn| j Tjqka oeä j úYajdi lrk ,oS' fodaI rys; j fyj;a ksfodia j ,sùu;a fuf;la iïmdos; ixialD;sl iïm%odhka iaùlrKh lr .ekSu;a ixlaIsma; nj;a Tjqka uy by<ska wfmalaId lf<a h' m%nkafOdamfoaYfhys  fodaIdmyrKh kï 5 jk mßÉfPaofha fya fufia olaajhs¡

—lEï-îï - we÷ï - me<e÷ï wdosfhys ,d YsIaG;ajh hï muK wjYH o  NdId jHjdyrfha o t muK ue wjYH he¡ j;alï ke;a;jqkaf.a wYsIag lï n,d j;alï we;af;da ;=uq o wYsIag fkd fj;s' kq.;=ka jeros jyrg jeàu W.;=ka jrog yrjd kï ta YsIag O¾uhg b÷rd fjkia he¡ tfyhska m%nkaoh ms<sn| jq i¾j ksrjoH;ajh ish,a,ka úiska wfmalaId l< hq;af;a he˜ ^l=udr;=x."1938 ^2010& ( 71-72&¡

        l=ur;=Õ=jka ish f,aLk ld¾hh i|yd wdo¾Y fldg .;af;a —mKaä; m%sh jq w¾: Yla;sfhka msß" jdlH iu;dj Í;s iu;dj iy jHjydr iu;dj hk ,laIKfhka hq;a is,sá wñY% wudj;=r nia jyrhs' ksoyia j is;Sug;a nqoaêu;a j is;Sug;a ;¾ldkql+, j is;Sug;a wkqmQ¾j wdldrfhka is;Sug;a tfia is;k oeh fl,ska fláfhka yd m%udKj;a j lSug;a t;=ud wkqn, ÿkafka h˜^ ó.ial=Uqr mS' î"1994(9&¡

        Tjqka rih oekùfï oS o YsIag iïu;hka fkd ì|sh hq;= nj  weoySh¡ l=lújdo iNdfjys fya fufia mjihs'

—meñfKk l,e hyk¡¡¡¡˜

hkdoS wjjdo mshl= úiska ÿjlg osh hq;= fkd fõ¡ fhfy<shl úiska fok ,oafoa kï uekú' ldjHfYaLrfhys n,j;a l,xlhla j fmfkkafka —ishque,s .; fldu<˜ hkdos moHhhs' th  fï iNdfjys lsheùu mjd iq¥iq fkd fõ¡ fu n÷ wiNH moH ldjH ÿIKh lrk nj Ydia;%fhys lshk ,o kuq;a rdyq, iajdóka ta fkd ie,el+ nj fmfka ^ùrfialr chka;"2482( 194&¡ hkqfjka ldjHfYaLr l;=jrhd mjd úfõpkh fldg ldjH úIfhys YsIag;ajh /f.k tafï fya ;;amr fõ'⁴

Tyq fndfyda úg Wiia NdIdj" YsIag NdIdj" úh;a jyr" ksis ksjeros mo hkdoS fhÿï Ndú; lrk ,os' jHdlrKfha ksrjoH;dj ldjH lrKh úIfhys ks¾Kdhl fldg .;af;da fmros. m~qfjda h' ngysr tjeks úhrK uek ne,Sfula ke;' fmros. Ñr iïNdú; iïm%odh wkqj hñka ks¾udK ld¾hfha oS ni ksjeros f,i Ndú; lsÍug bf.kSfï wjYH;dj ksr;=re j u fyf;u wjOdrKh fldg we;' th idys;H jHdmdrh YslaIs; ñhfrl kj;d,Sug yd oukhg bjy,a úh'

Ydia;%Sh iïm%odhla ks¾udKh lsÍu

Ydia;%Sh lreKq wrUhd ;sìh hq;af;a Ydia;%Sh mdlaIsl Ndjh hs' l=ur;=Õ=jkag iuld,Sk j fnfyúka olakg jqfha l=," .=re l=," wd.ï" cd;s wdoS iudc fnoSïj,g wkq.; mdlaIsl Ndjh hs' thska i;Hh yd ksjeros foa u;= ùug ndOd meñksK' Ñrka;k jq fyhska m%Yak fkd k.d isàfï ms<su jkaokd Í;sh o tjl uqÿka u,a j jecôK' l=ur;=Õ=fjda fï ish¨ fnÿïj,g ms<su,a j Ydia;%Sh iïm%odhka Tijd ;nk ,os' ksoyi yd ks¾udKYS,S .=Kh fmroeß lr.;a Tjqkaf.a idys;H jHdmdrh tu.ska Yla;su;a úh'

        ;;a iudch ;=< iïm%odhdkq.; oekqu wNsfhda.hg ,la lsÍu kqreiakd ,os¡ l=lújdofha oS woyia m< l< wh oelajq woyiaj,ska th fmfkhs' tys iyNd.S jqfjda oelajq lreKq úkS  ú;drKhka —úis÷kq úuiqfuys˜ ix.%y fldg we; ^2004( 331-332&¡ tys,d l=ur;=Õ= u;h jqfha —isß ry,a ysñhkaf.a lD;sj, i¾j iïmQ¾K;ajhla iy il, ksrjoH;djla mj;s;ehs lSu Wkajykafiag lrk wf.!rjhla nj o tys ksjeros fia u jeros ;eka fmkaùu Wkajykafiag lrk f.!rjhla jk njhs˜ ^ú;drK úkS" 1986 (71&

        Tjqyq m%dfhda.slj u fï úpdr Ndú;h l%shdfõ fhdojk ,os' —1934 iema;eïn¾ 18 jeksod m%ldYhg m;a jqKq —,la ñKs myk˜ mf;ys ã'iS osidkdhlhka úiska —,d,S fl<sh˜ kñka m<jqKq m¾fhaIKd;aula ,smsh —b;d idrj;a Ydia;%Sh úu¾IKfhls ˜hs t;=fuda igyka l<y' hxYh iy f¾Mh Ndú;h ms<sn| j rÑ; ,smshl ;¾ldkql+, nj ;j;a wjia;djl oS ms<s.;ay'^,ñm' 1934$8$14 - 9& hï fyda úIhla  ms<sn| j .fõIKfhys fhosh hq;= wdldrh ;j;a wjia:djl oS meyeos,s fldf,da h^tu (71&¡

        Tjqkaf.a Ydia;%Sh ksryxldr njg losu ksoiqkls uqjfoõ od újrKfha ;D;Sh ixialrKfha m%ia;djkdj¦ tys fya fufia ,shhs'

—wm .eke o uola lshe hq;=¡ ;j ue wms úueiSfuys fhoS isgqï y' osfkka osk u;= jk oE ksid u;h fjkia lrkakg isÿ jk jdr fnfyú' fndfyda fok jrla nod .;a u;h fjkia lrkakg ue<s fj;s' wiaÓr Ndjh msg ,d fodia kÕ;shs hk ìfhks' i;Hh fmkqkq úge fy<s lsÍu b;d Wiia ñksia .=Khhs' wkqka lshk fodig ìfhka t<shg tkakg oÕ,k we;a; jikafka fkd ñksfils˜^ l=udr;=x. 2503(11-12&¡

uhqr ikafoaYhg Tjqka imhk oS¾> ix{dmkh u.ska tjlg Ydia;%df,dalh m;=rjñka isá uyd mçrejkla jq uqo,s÷ ví,sõ't*a' .=Kj¾Okhka Tjqkaf.a uhqr ikafoaY ixialrKfha oS f.k we;s jeros uÕ;a Bg fmr tu lD;sh ixialrKh l< oSmxlr ysñhkaf.a uÕ ksjeros jk nj;a fkd nd fy<s lrhs' tys u l¾;D ld, ksoafoaifha oS Y%Su;a ã'î' ch;s,lhka lreKq 07 la mokï fldg   —;sir ixfoaYh uhqr ixfoaYhg yjqreÿ ;silg muK fm/ mia jeks mrdl%undyqkaf.a iufhys lrk ,oafoa he˜ hk u;h ;d¾lsl j ifya;=l j u:kh lrhs^l=udr;=x. uqksodi"1935( ix{dmkh&¡

        t¿ w;a;k.¨ jxY újrKfhys Bg mdol jq ud.O lD;sh jq y;a;jk.,a, úydr jxih ms<sn| fya fufia i|yka lrhs'

—y;a;jk.,a, úydr jxifhys NdIdj ,,s; he uOqr he ufkdyr he tfyhska ue fï .%ka:h úoHdYd,dj, uy;a f.!rjfhka mßYS,kh lrkq ,efí' .%ka: f.!rjhg l,xlhla j mj;afka wkH .%ka:hkayss wd Yaf,dal mdGdosh mofhka o w¾:fhka o fkd fjkia f,i f.ke fï .%ka: l¾;Dka ;ukaf.a lD;Ska f,i ue oelaùuhs' fun÷ ia:dk rdYshla wm úiska m<uq jk Wm .%ka:fhys olajk ,os˜^l=udr;=x."1933 (ix{dmkh&¡ fuhska Ydia;% fp!r;ajh ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a oeä úfrdaOdl,amh úoHudk fõ'

        fï khska Ydia;%Sh f,i idys;H lrKh yd idys;H úpdrh úIfhys iïnkaO ùug yels mßirhla yd oDIaájdohla iïmdokh lsÍug l=ur;=Õ=jka uy;a mßY%u ord we;' ksoyi;a YslaIKh;a hk m%;smlaI Ndú;hka fol u tlúg .,md .ekSug Tjqkaf.ka ,efnk .=re yrelï fndfyda w.S' wdOqkslhkag;a m%ùKhkag;a Tjqkaf.ka .; yels mdvï fndfyda h' idys;H úpdrhg  iïnkaO jk ;eke;a;ka l=ur;=Õ=jkaf.a woyia fkd n,d fkd ;ld hdu uy;a wjev isÿ ùug fya;= ldrl úh yels h'

mdol igyka(

1' iqjyia kh ukeis bisjrhdfKda lD;sfha;a" ixL l=udr;=Õ= wkqiaurK l,dmfha;a" idys;Hh 1986 idys;Hh W;aij úfYaI l,dmfha;a uydpd¾h úkS ú;drK úiska ,shd we;s ,sms yd uydpd¾h mS'î' ó.ial=Uqr úiska rpkd lrkq ,en we;s ,smsh uq,sl fldg u Ndú;hg .efka'

2' —lùyq jkdyS kj jq ue f,dalhla ks¾udKh flfr;a Tjqkaf.a W;alDIag;ajh W;amdol Yla;sfha m%udKhg h' ^1927 ckjdß 2 iajfoaY ñ;%hd& — kj woyia wdldYh fia iSud rys; hehs o ^1927& ldjHh ixidrh fia wmdr hehs o ^1934 ,la ñKs myK& olajd we;'˜

—fmdrK lsõ jrka - kqÿgq úis;a wre;a u,a

   Tn is;a lma ;=re w.e - msmS f,dj mskjd jd˜ ^úß;a jelsh - lshqï .ehqï úg&

3' —osh úÿ,s n,fhka jev fkd .ekSu .eke uqksoiqka rchg fodia ke.=fha kj lug kj ksmehqug thska ,efnk Wojq jeä fofkl=g fkdjegyqkq wjêfhle he ^o is,ajd osú ßpâ"1986 idys;H" l=ur;=Õ= oiqk ,smsh"1986 idys;H W;aij úfYaI l,dmh" ixialD;sl lghq;= wud;HxYh" fld<U 07¡

4' óg iuld,Sk j m%p,s; jq .Dx.dr ri msß lú fld, yd —lú fmd;a fmdä˜ iuqyfha we;s Ldu ldjH lshjk úg l=ur;=Õ=jka fujeks iSudjka u;= fldg oelajqfha ukao hkak jegfya'

wdY%s; .%ka: (

1' wyqnqÿ wßfika" 1957" l=ur;=Õ= weiqr" tï'ã'.=Kfiak" fld<U

2' .=Kjvq wurisß" 2501" uy fy, j; " wdßhodi iy iud.u" urodk

3' .ï,;a iqpß; " úl%uisxy" B'ta" 1996" ix>rdc idOqp¾hdj" tia' f.dvf.a m%ldYk" fld<U 10¡

4' fyajdjiï m'n'cs" 1996" ud;r hq.fha idys;HOrhka yd idys;H ksnkaOk" ixialD;sl lghq;= ms<sn| fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U¡

5'ú;drK úkS" 2004" ldjH úpdrfhys,d l=udr;=x. ks¾Khl" ,smsh ^327 - 348& iqjyia kh ukeis bisjrhdfKda" ixia( f.ú÷ l=udr;=x." úis÷kq" fndr,eia.uqj¡

6' uqksodi l=udr;=x." 2000" úß;a jelsh" tia' f.dvf.A" fld<U 10¡

7' l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 1939" ^1957& lúYslaIdj" tï'ã .=Kfiak" fldf<dUe¡

8' ùrfialr chka;" 2482" l=lújdoh" myka myr" fld<U¡

9' l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 2477" ^1933& .x.d frdayK j¾Kkd újrKh" wEmd uqøKd,h" fld<U¡

10'l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 1938 ^2010&" m%nkafOdamfoaYh" úis÷kq m%ldYk" fndr,eia.uqj¡

11'ó.ial=Uqr" mS'î' 1984" hq. Í;shla we;s l< l=udr;=x. Í;sjdoshdfKda" ixL" 1994 ud¾;= úfYaI l,dmh" ixialD;sl lghq;= fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U 07¡

12'ú;drK úkS" 1986" l=udr;=x.hka mE Ydia;%Sh .fõYk ud¾.h yd úfõpk oDIaÀh" idys;Hh 1986 idys;H W;aij úfYaI l,dmh" ixialD;sl lghq;= wud;HxYh" fld<U 07¡

13'l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 2503" uqjfoõ od újrKh" ;D;Sh ixialrKh" r;akdlr fmd;a fj<| Yd,dj" fld<U¡

14' l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 1935" uhqr ixfoaY újrKh" tï'ã' .=Kfiak m%ldYk" fld,U¡

15' l=udr;=x. uqksodi" 1933" t¿ w;a;k.¨ jxY újrKh" fca'ã' m%kdkaÿ iy iud.u" fld<U¡

16'wyqnqÿq wßfika"1986" —jdo˜" isxy, idys;H ,;d" ixia ( fld;auf,a wurjxY ysñ" idys;H ixioh" fld,U 10¡

17' {dkiSy ysñ fyakmsg f.or" 1933" ishnia,lr úsia;r j¾Kkdj" úoHdm%fndaO hka;%d,h" fld<U¡

18' fmaur;ak ysñ je,súsgfha" 1940" iqfndaêkS jHLHd iys; ldjHdo¾Yh" ^m%:u Nd.h& cskd,xldr hka;%d,h¡

19¡ l=udr;=x. uqksodi"1938" m%nkaO ix.%yh" myka myr" fld<U¡

20'Allwais Jems De, 1852, The Sidath Sangarawa A Grammar of the Sinhalese Langnagw Translated in to Enghish with Introduction Notes and Appendices, Colombo.

21' foi;sh iÕrdj" 1994¡02¡28" 17fj¿u 02 l,dmh" rcfha m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U 03¡