සිංහල වෙස්මුහුණු නාටකයේ-කෝලමේ- කුල මුල්- සමන් එම් කාරියකරවන

isxy, fjiauqyqKq kdglfha ^flda,fï& l=, uq,a

uydpd¾h chka; wurisxy

iuka .tï ldßhlrjk

fjiauqyqKq kdgl fyj;a flda,ï kdglh ,xldfõ ol=Kq yd ngysr fjr< ;Srfha my;rg m%foaYj,g muKla wdfõksl jQ .eñ kdgl úfYaIhls. flda,ï kdgHfha wkkH;d ,laIK kï fjiauqyqKq me<`o keàu,my;rg fnrh yd fydrKEj jdokh lsÍu, ish¨ pß; msßñka u muKla r`. ±laùu, §¾> mQ¾j rx.hla yd fmdÿ md;%hka msßilf.ka hqla; ùu¹,mQ¾j rx.hg miq l;djia;= tlla fyda folla r`. ±laùu² wdÈh hs.

,xldfõ ck j¾. ms<sn`o wOHhkh l< tï.ã.rd>jka úúO ck úfYaIhka yd ne`ÿkq l,d Ys,am ms<sn`o j o wOHhkh fldg we;.fidlß kdglh yd lskakr f.da;%h w;r we;s iïnkaOh ms<sn`oj;a ^1951(237-248& flda,ï kdglh yd lrdj l=,h w;r we;s iïnkaOh;a ^1961& tf,i rd>jkaf.a wOHhkhg ,la jQ úfYaI lreKq w;r jeo.;a ;ekla .kshs³.

flda,ï kdglh i`oyd fnfyúka u m%p,s; m%foaYh f,i 1960 oYlh jk úg mej;sfha wïn,kaf.dv hs.rd>jka ish wOHhk lrk wjêfha wïn,kaf.dv lrdj l=,fha msßia w;r ishjia .Kkla mqrd mej;=Kq flda,ï kdgH iïm%odhl ,laIK ±lsh yels úh. rd>jka wïn,kaf.dv lrdj l=,h yd flda,ï l,dj w;r fmkajk ,o iïnkaOh .eUqre úuiqulg ,la lsÍu;a wïn,kaf.dv wdYs%; flda,ï kdgH l,dfõ l=, miqìu y`ÿkd .ekSu;a hk lreKq flf¾ fï wOHhkh fhduq fõ. ta wkqj flda,ï kdglh lrdj l=,hg iïnkaO jQjla o@ iïnkaO ù kï tfia jQfha flfiaa o@ hkak yd th rd>jka olajk f,i lrdj l=,hg muKla iïnkaO l,djla o@ hk uQ,sl .eg`M ksrdlrKh lsÍu fuu m¾fhaIKfha wruqK hs.

úúO úIh lafIa;% ;=< flda,ï kdgH l,djg wod< j ix.%y ù we;s idys;H uq,dY% fï m¾fhaIKh i`oyd Ndú;hg .eksK. tfuka u ,xldfõ iudc b;sydih ms<sn`oj we;s ft;sydisl yd iudc úoHd;aul lreKq we;=<;a .%ka: /il lreKq fï i`oyd Wmfhda.S lr .eksK. flda,ï Ys,amSka yd ta ms<sn`o ±Kqula we;s mqoa.hka 8 fofkl= iu`. meje;ajQ iuQL idlÉPdj,ska ,nd .;a lreKq o m¾fhaIKh i`oyd fhdod .eksK. idlÉPd i`oyd mqoa.,hka ;SrKh lsÍfï §   ysufnda, ksheÈ l%uh Ndú;hg .eksK. ysu fnda, ksheÈh hkq m%:ufhka idlÉPdjg iïnkaO lr.kakd whf.ka ,o f;dr;=re u; mokï j fo jeks ;=kajeks mqoa.,hska ;SrKh lsÍu hs. ysufnda,hla fuka l%ufhka lreKq /ia fjñka m¾fhaIKh úYd, ùu fuys we;s ,laIKh hs. iuQL idlÉPdj,g wu;r j ÿrl:k idlÉPd yd fjí wvú o o;a; ,nd .ekSfï uQ,dY% f,i Ndú; flßK.

fldaÜfÜ wjêhg miq ,xldfõ l=, ixhq;sh yd lrdj l=,h

isxy, iudcfha mej;s yd mj;sk l=, úúO;ajh ms<sn`o l< wOHhk /ila ;sfí.hqfrdamSh m`äjreka úúO wjêj, ta ms<sn`o l< j¾.SlrKhka ish,a, uydpd¾h n%hsia rhka úiska ixlaIsma; f,i olajd we;^1993(65-72&.isxy, l=, l%uh ms<sn`o wdkkao l=udriajdñ olajk woyi fufia h. zzisxy,fhda wE; w;S;fha mgka ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ øÑvhka yd fkdlv jQ lsÜgq iïnkaOhla we;s j úiQy.tfyhska wmg isxy,hka w;r olakg ,efnkafka wd¾hhkaf.a l=, fNaoh fkdj øúv l=, fNaoh hsZZ^1962(20&ol=Kq bkaoshdfjka ixl%uKh jQ úúO f.da;% miqld,Sk j isxy, iudch ;=< úúO l=, f,i Ôj;aùu ±lsh yels nj uydpd¾h rhka o ikd: lrhs(Ryan,1993:11) l=udriajdñ yd rhka hk fo fokd u olajk lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s jkqfha ,xldfõ l=, ixhq;sh ol=Kq bka§h ixl%uKj,ska fmdaIs; j we;s nj hs. uOHld,Sk ,xld iudch wOHhkh l< uydpd¾h weï.î wdßhmd,,oUfoKs wiafkys ±lafjk ;;a wjêfha hqO fiakdfõ mej;s l=, ixhq;sh ms<sn`o úia;r olajd we;.tys jD;a;Ska yd ld¾hhka wkqj fjkia jk l=, 57la olajd we;.tys n,sn;=fjda yd ld,s kgkafkda jYfhka jD;a;slhka fo msßila o olajd we;.hqoaOhg hk msßi fjkqfjka Wm fiajdjka meje;ajQ fo msßila f,i fudjqka o; yels h. fï fo msßi .%y mQcd mj;ajk msßi yd ld,s hlskaksh i`oyd mQcd mj;ajk wh f,i y`ÿkd .; yels h. ^1956(161-166&.  ta  l=, w;r lrdj l=,h yuq fkd ùu jeo.;a fõ.zzisxy, iudc ixúOdkhZZ lD;sfhys l=, l%uh ia:dmkh ùu ms<sn`o m%dudKsl kHdhsl wOHhkhla /,a*a mSßia úiska lr we;. kS;s ks>Kavqj yd ckjxYfhys ±lafjk lreKq o wjOdkhg .ksñka isxy, l=, l%ufha miqìu Tyq ú.%y lrhs.^1964(181-190&.Tyqf.a wOHhkhg ,lajk uykqjr wjêh jk úg lrdj l=,h m%Odk l=,hla f,i olakg yels h. fï ish,a,kaf.a u wOHhkj,ska lrdj l=,hg fldaÜfÜ wjêhg tyd hk b;sydihla ke;s nj ikd: fõ. lrdj l=,h meñKSfuka miq th wvq l=, w;r m%uqLia:dkhg meñKs wdldrh /,a*a mSßia úia;r lrkqfha fufia h,zzkjkaokakd l=,h ySk l=, w;r m%uqLia:dkfhys ,d oy y;ajk ishjfia § ms<s.kq ,eìK. óg ishjia tlyudrlg miq j fâõ úiska ilia lrk ,o f,aLkh wkqj ySk l=, w;r m%Odk jQfha lrdj l=,h hs.tfy;a wdpdß l=,h ySk l=, w;r uq,a ;ek .;a nj we;eï flfkl=f.a u;h jQ neúka lrdfõ m%uqL;ajh újdohg Ndckh j mej;s neõ fmfka. Tjqkaf.a .re kïnq yd ;k;=re ms<sn`o ish úia;rfha § lrdj l=,h .ek fkdlaia úiska kdu ud;% i`oykla mjd fkd lr ;sîu jeo.;s. lrdj l=,slhka jdih lf<a uykqjr rc;=udf.a wdêm;Hhg mßndysr j msysá ´,kao m%foaYj, h. tfy;a uykqjr hq.fha wmrNd.fha § zzu;aiH urKfhys kshqla; j mõ l< neúka ZZ tu wjêh f;la my;a hehs iïu; jQ lrdj l=,slhka rcjrekg ¨Kq yd lrj, iemhQ neúka tu l=,hg Wiia ;;ajhla ,enqfka h. uqyqÿlrfhka m<d f.dia Wvrg mÈxÑ jQjka,ud¾. wjysr lsÍfï ,kafoais m%;sm;a;sh ksid w;s jeo.;alula .;a uäf. fyj;a m%jdyK ld¾hdxYhg we;=<;a lr .kakd ,ÈZZ^1964(188&. fldaÜfÜ wjêfhka miq ,xldfõ l=, yd tys Oqrdj,sh ms<sn`o fliaie,af,k isxy kue;af;l= úiska rpkd l< ck jxih kï isxy, ldjHh wkqj hñka l=udriajdñ lrk úia;rh fï wjêfha mej;s l=, úúO;ajh ms<sn`o ukd Ñ;%hla iïmdokh lrhs. ckjxih wkqj l=, mßmdáh ;=< f.dú.u, lrdj yd fnrj l=, ia:dk.; jkqfha my; mrsos h.^1&f.dúfhda^ykaÿrefjda - fkdlaiaf.a fydkav%Eia - fj,a,d,fhda, f.dúfhda&. ^11&.lrdfjda^ud¨ w,a,kafkda& ^13&.fnrjdfhda^;+¾hjdolfhda, frÈ úhkafkda, fndfydaúg kele;sfhda& tys 26 jk fyj;a wjika l=,h pKavd,fhda fj;s^f.ß uia lkafkda,li, fYdaOlfhda&ZZ ^1962(20-21&.uykqjr wjêh jk úg l=, OQrdj,sfha lrdj l=,h 11 jk ia:dkfha ia:dk.; ùug iu;a j we;.

tï.ã.rd>jkaf.a wOHhkh(⁴

“flda,ï l,djla f,i wo mj;akd úÑ;% ;;ajhg m;a ùug fndfyda fihska u wïn,kaf.dv lrdj l=,fha wh w; wêhr lsysmhla u miq lr we;.fuys isák m%uqL;u Ys,amshd Ô.ví,sõ .wdßhmd, fõ.fï l,dj ms<sn`o fmdfydi;a Wreuhla wïn,kaf.dvg we;s w;r úúO jhia uÜgïj, ñksiaiq fuys th m%.=K lr;s.”(1961:126p).

rd>jka ish zzlrdjZZ lD;sfha vii mßÉfþoh kï lr we;af;a iudc l,d ^Social Arts&hkqfjks.flda,ï,wïn,kaf.dv l,dj^The Kolam,The art of Ambalangoda& hk Wm ud;Dldj hgf;a fyf;u fï lreKq idlÉpd lrñka flda,ï ms<sn`o È.= úia;rhla bÈßm;a lrhs(1961:125-132pp) rd>jka bÈßm;a lrk f;dr;=re flda,ï kdglh lrdj l=,fha ixialD;sl wx.hla h hkak w`.jhs. flda,ug wu;r j Tyq lrdj l=,h yd iïnkaO l,djla f,i kdv.ï ms<sn`o j o f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lr we;. kdv.ï l,dj o lrdj l=,h w; j¾Okh jQ m%didx.sl l,djls.zzlf;da,sld.u me;sr .sh .ï m<d;aj, úúO m¾fhaIK l< tâukaâ mSßia y,dj; ysgmq rdc.=re m%id§ka jykafia uq,a u isxy, kdv.u ,shk ,oafoa y,dj; ñys`ÿ l=,iQßh .dì%fh,a m%kdkaÿ uqyqmamq uy;d úiskshs lshk fial.th mqrdK rc ;=kalÜgqjhs.ta mrmqf¾ Njf;l=f.a Èk fmd;l tys ld,h f,i l%sia;= j¾I 1746 i`oyka fõ.1751 § ta rplhd u uß.sod kdv.u kñka ;j;a lD;shla lf<a hZZ^mSßia tâukaâ, 1958(10-14 Wmqgd .ekSu, ldßhjiï ;siai, 1979 (12&. ñys`ÿl=,iQßh, j¾Kl=< iQßh yd l=rel=, iQßh hk rc ;=kalÜgqj u lrdj l=,hg wh;a fia ie,fla. rd>jkaf.a woyi tâukaâ mSßia msh;=udf.a m%ldYfhka ;jÿrg;a ikd: fõ. flda,ï yd kdv.ï hk fï m%dix.sl l,d foj¾.h u lrdj l=,h yd iïnkaO jk nj bka jegfya.

flda,ï kegqï yd lrdj l=,h w;r iïnkaOh

flda,ï kdglfha bka§h wdNdIh ms<sn`o rd>jka fu n`ÿ woyila olajhs.

zzflda,ï meyeÈ,s j u hlaI weoySfuka cd; jQjls.ud tfia ksYaph lsÍug fm<fTkqfha msáirno u,ndrfha we;s flda,ï ;=,a,d,a kï weoySu ms<sn`o ud l< ksÍlaIK wkqjhs.flda,ï tu hla weoys,a,g Rcq j Wreulï lsh hs.flda,ï ;=,a,d,a hkafkys jpkd¾:h jkqfha zzfjia j,d.;a kegquZZ hkakhs.th wiqN n,mEïj,g tfrys j msáirno u,nd¾ jeis hleÿrka úiska isÿ lrkq ,nk hla kegqï W;aijhls.wj;dr f,i iudfrdams; úldr rEmS we`ÿula k`Mfjda y`È;s.fjiauqyqKq mqjla fld,m;aj,ska r`M iajNdjhg ilid .;a tajd fõZZ.(1961:125-126pp).

flda,ï ;=,a,d,a  ms<sn`o wdpd¾h weï.tÉ..=K;s,l o úia;r olajd we;. Tyq olajk f;dr;=re fufia h.zzflda,ï ;=,a,,a hs ye`Èkafjk kegqï úfYaIhla wo olajd ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ flar< m%foaYfhys Ndú; fjhs. weï.ã.rd>jka ^1964(129& uy;d o rd.skS foaúh^1966(48& o fuu kegqï l%uh úia;r lr;s.flar<fha flda,ï ;=,a,,a jQ l,S wk¾:lr n,fõ.hkaf.ka wdrlaIdj i,id,k jD; pdß;%hls hs rd>jka uy;d mjihs. tneúka th wdrlaIl hd;=l¾uhl iajrEmh .KS. úfYaIfhka ud¾;= udih ueo yßfha § we/fUk flda,ï ;=,a,,a jQ l,S ld,s foaj ud;dj wrla .;a fldaú,aj, meje;afjk kegqï jkafka h. cqks udifha ueo Nd.h olajd u fï kegqï mj;S. ta ld,h we;=<; uq`M fmfoi u mQfcda;aijhl isß Wiq,hs. rd.skS foaúh mjik yeáhg ld,sud;djf.a N+;d;auhka ksfhdackh lrk fia fjia uqyqKq ,d .;a k`Mfjda úkdYl N+;hka m<jd yeÍfï wkqlrKd;aul kegqïys fhfo;sZZ^.=K;s,l,weï.tÉ,1968(23-24&.

flda,ï kdgHh yd ld,s weoySu ms<sn`o úu¾Ykhl fhfok iS.o.tia. l=,;s,l úiska fï flda,ï;=,a,d,a kdgl fjfii ms<sn`oj;a th ,xldfõ ngysr fjr<;Srhg ixl%uKh ùu ms<sn`oj;a woyia olajhs.  zziYH iïm;a j¾Okh lr .ekSu i`oyd flar<fha mj;ajd we;s zflda,ï ;=,a,d,a Zkegqï fjiauqyqKq me<`o.;a zfõod¾Z ia;%Ska úiska mj;ajd we;.fuys § ld,s foj`.k fuka fjiaj,d .ekSug fuu fjia uqyqKq me<`of.k ;sfí. bka§h weoySïj, ia;%S kegqï meje;aùu iEu úg u iY%Sl;ajh i`oyd jQ hd. W;aijhkays pdß;%hls ^1968(28&

zz fldaÜfÜ 6 jk merl=ïndjkaf.a igkaj,g flar<fhka f.kajd .kq ,enQ fid,aodÿjka my; rg m%foaYhkays mÈxÑ lrjkq ,eî h. my;rg uqyqÿlrfha mej;s ld,s fldaú,a fudjqka i`oyd ù hhs isf;a. iYH M, ,nd .ekSug flar<fha mj;ajkq ,enQ flda,ï;=,a,d,a kegqï fuu fldaú,aj, o mj;ajkakg we;ZZ^tu(29&.

i jeks merl=ïndf.a ld,fha flar<fhka f.kajQ fin,qka ms<sn`oj;a Tjqka mosxÑ l< ia:dk yd ,xldfõ lrdj l=,fha wdrïNh ms<sn`oj;a je,s.u iqux., f;rekakdkafia merKs mqiafld< fmd;la wdY%fhka fu jeks ú.%yhla lrhs.

zzfldaÜfÜ kqjr Y%S m%dl%undyq uy rcdkka rdcHh lrk ld,fhys uqlalr hk kï we;s i;=re fiakdjla wjq;a mq;a;,u w;a lr .;af;da h. tl,ayS m%dl%undyq rc-ldxÑmqr-ldfõß mÜgku-lS,lalf¾ hk fï rg ;=kg ,shqï hjd fiakdj 7740 la f.kajd uqlalr fiakdj mrojd mq;a;,fï fldgqj meyer .;af;a h.ta fiakdjg m%Odk j wdjd jQ whjq¨kaf.a kï o fmfka.tkï jÉpkdÜgq foaj; o,l=rel=,kdÜgq foaj; o,udkslal ;,fõka o,wÈ wri wvmam Wkakefya o j¾KiQßh wvmam Wkakefya o,l=rel=,iQßh uqÈhkafia o,w¾Yl=,iQßh uqÈhkafia o,wriks, bÜg uqÈhkafia o,wdrÉÑjre 18 fofkla o hk fudjqyq h. fï hqoaOfha § udkslal;,fõka lshk uq,doEks ;ek uqlalreks úiska fy,k ,o nj fuu fmdf;ys fmfka. uqlalreka úiska udKslal;,fõka fy,k ,±hs - ihsuka ldYs fIÜá Wkakefya o ,shd ;sfí. uqlalreka mrojd hqoaoOfhka ÈkQjkag i;=gq jQ rÊcqrejka úiska - ueÈkafkdarej, wdkT,kaodj, uqkafkaiairu, lïu,, ;Urdú,, yqKqmsáfha ùÈh, fmßhduq,af,a ùÈh, lïu,ùÈh, fldf<dïmsá uy ùÈh, je,af,a ùÈh, l=rK ùÈh, ó f.duqj, hk bvï ;U ikakia iu`. fok ,±hs lshd o, rdjK fldäh, br i`o fldäh, ulrhd fldäh hk fï wd§ fkdfhla f.!rj ,o nj fmfka ZZ^tia.iqux., ysñ,je,s.u,1876:60&.fou< l=, l%uh ms<sn`o ú.%yhl fhfok ihsuka ldYs fpÜá úiska l=, wgl msßia zz uiqka urK iy Tre mÈk úúO f.da;% - fudjqka idudkHfhka l=re jxYslhka f,i ye`Èkafõ; tkï l=re .%yhdf.ka ke;fyd;a n%yiam;Sf.ka mejf;k l=,h hkakhs ”(1834:223p)hkqfjka olajd we;. fou< l=, l%uh ;=< o l=re l=,h ^fl!rj jxYh& uiqka ueÍu yd iïnkaO nj bka fmfka. Tyq zz,xldfõ uqlalreZZ (The mookwas of Ceylon) hk ud;Dldj hgf;a ,xldfõ lrdj l=,h jHdma; ùu ms<sn`o ;j;a f;dr;=re i`oyka lrwe; (1834:276p).

fu f,i meñKs lrdj l=,h fldaÜfÜ rdcOdks iuh jk úg ,xldfõ ëjr l¾udka;fha fhfok m%Odk ck msßi njg m;a úh. úu,O¾uiQßhf.a .nvd .ula jQ wïn,kaf.dv o Tjqkag jdi N+ñ ù we;af;a th fyd`o lrÈh ëjr m%foaYhla jk fyhsks. fï flar<jdiSka ld,s uEKshka woyk msßia úh. wïn,kaf.dv m%foaYfha o merKs ld,s fldaú,a ;snQ nj i`oyka fõ ^l=,;s,l,iS.o tia.,1968(29&.fnka;r m%foaYfha mej;s ld,s fldaú, ms<sn`o mfrú ikafoaYfhaa i`oyka jkafka fufia h.

rka ;eá whqre ke.= mska msfhdjqre Wmq       ,

u;a meá lrk w`.kka r`. fok bms         ,

Wkaieá n,d isá if<¨ka fkd mE we       ,

fnkaf;dg fkfkr ie;fmj ld<s fldaú   , ^68 moHh&

fnka;r ld,s fldaú, ms<sn`o ukd úia;rhla wd;¾ chj¾Ok úiska o lr we;^1884:434-439 pp&. fï fldaú,aj, È.af.a k¾;kh n`ÿ ia;%S k¾;khka mej;s nj by; moHfhka meyeÈ,s fõ.uq,a wúêfha flda,ïj, o mxp kdß >g kñka ia;%S k¾:k fjfiila mej;s nj le,fõf.a flda,ï msgm; wkqj fmfka ^42 lúfha isg 49 olajd moH,45-46 p.p&.È.af.a k¾:kh iajfoaYsl hlaI jkaokfhys fhfokakka w;r mej;s pdß;%hls. ^l=udr,jika;,1990:46-48 p.p&. fï kegqu m¾fgda,aâf.a wjêfha ^1930& ia;%S we`ÿï we`o.;a msßñka mia fofkl= úiska kegQ nj fyf;u olajhs^1973(80&.flar<fha flda,ï;=,a,d,a kegqu;a  ,xldfõ hlaI f.da;%slhkaf.a È.af.a kegqu;a hk fol u ia;%Ska úiska l< tajd fõ.,xldfõ ld,s fldaú,a flar<fha isg meñKs fï fin¨ka yd iïnkaO fõ. fldaÜfÜ wjêhg fmr o ,xldfõ ld,s weoySu ;sî we;.⁵ ld,s weoySu jvd m%p,s; j we;af;a fï flar<jdiSkaf.a meñKSu;a iu.sks. tksid u ld,s fldaú,a jHdma; j we;af;a my;rg ngysr fjr< fyda Bg wdikak m%foaYj, hs.

flar<fha flda,ï;=,a,d,a keàu Y%S fi!Nd.Hh Wfoid mj;ajkakls. th tys mj;ajkqfha ia;%Ska úisks. tfy;a flar<fha isg ,xldjg meñKsfha fid,aodÿjka jQ msßñka muKs. ia;%Ska fuys meñKs j.la i`oyka fkd fõ.tfyhska ld,s fldaú,aj, isxy, ia;%Ska kegqï mj;ajk úg fï ia;%Ska újdy lrf.k isá flar<jdiS msßñ flda,ï;=,a,d,a ;uka úiska u keàfuka flda,fï werUqu isÿjQjd úh yels h. uq,a wjêfha mxpkdß >g jeks k¾;k ;snqK o tjeks fjia uqyqKla fyda b;sß j we;s nj jd¾;d ù we;af;a ñßiafia Wvqms, l,d ix.uhg wh;a fjia uqyqKqj, muKs ^n,kak(irÉpkaø,1999(240&.uq,ska yqÿ kegqula muKla jQ flda,u miq j .dhkhg wkqj flfrk ksrEmKhka njg j¾Okh ù we;s nj fmfka. flda,ï kegqfï we;s mo ish,a, u hla f;dú,aj,ska .;a tajd fõ.WodyrK f,i fyajd flda,fï jfÜ hk úg jhk mo ikakshl=fï ßÍ hld i`oyd jhk mo u fõ.ikakshl=fï hyka lúj, tk úIaKq foúhkaf.a lúj,g jhk moh u flda,fï .=re,d i`oyd jhhs^fkdanÜ,2014.02.25&. ikakshl=fï ÿkq md,sfha mo u isxy flda,u i`oyd o jefha.uqo,s flda,fï .uka;d,hg jefhk mo .sß foaúh i`oyd Ydka;sl¾uj, fhfok mo u h ^m;auisß, 2014.02.11&.

fcdaka le,fõ(John Callaway) ish wOHhkh lr we;af;a 1829g fmr .d,aaf,a ;,dmsáfha ;snQ flda,ï msgm;la wkqj h. le,fõf.a wOHhkhg ,la jQ ;,dmsáfha flda,ï kdgHlrejd fnrjd l=,hg wh;a wfhls. ta ms<sn`o le,fõf.a igyk fufia h. “ fuu ld¾hhg iïnkaO ùfï §,fï lúj,ska we`.fjk fjiauqyqKqj, lgq igyka we`o .ekSfï wruqfKka fodka ksfld,ia fmf¾rd o legqj uu kej; kej; .d,a, ;,dmsáfha fnr jhkakkaf.a m%Odkshd yuqùug .sfhñ...fjia uqyqKq mÍlaId lsÍfuka wk;=re j hla kegqïj, § Ndú; lrk fjia uqyqKq ms<sn`o úuiQ úg Tyq mejiqfõ hd;=l¾u iu`. Tjqka lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ke;s njhs.”(1829:x).fï Ys,amshd le,fõ olajk f,i fnr jhkakkaf.a m%Odkshd h. tfy;a Tyq f;dú,a iu`. lsisÿ iïnkaOhla ke;s nj mjihs. fï wjêfha flda,u úfkdao kdglhla f,i r`. olajkakg we;. fudjqka Ydka;sl¾u iu`. iïnkaOhla fkd ;sfnkakg we;af;a tfyhsks.1829 jk úg;a flda,ï kdglh fnrj l=,h w; o mej;s nj le,fõf.a fï úia;rfhka meyeÈ,s fõ.

1930 wjêfha flda,ï wOHhkh l< Tgdl¾ m¾fgda,aâ(Otaker Pertold)  flda,ï pß; w;r fonia o we;s nj i`oyka lrhs(1973:66-67pp).  kdv.ïj, idudkHfhka fonia wju fõ.le,fõ msgmf;a fonia yuq jkafka wdrïNfha muKs.fonia tl= ùu kdv.ïj, wdNdIfhka isÿ jQ kùlrKhla hhs is;sh yels h. flda,u flar<fhka meñKs lrdj jxYsl fin¨ka yd iajfoaYsl ckhdf.a úúO weoySï wx. ixl,kfhka werö, miqj mD;=.Sis ,kafoais yd bx.%Sis cd;Skaf.a wNdIh;a lf;da,sl wd.u yd kdv.ï jeks iudc kdglhkaf.a wdNdIh;a we;s j j¾Okh jQjls. ta wkqj tys nyq ixialD;sl wdNdIhla ±lsh yels fõ.

le,fõ  msgm;^1829& uy wïn,kaf.dv à.ví. .=Kodif.a msgm;^1950- 60& yd ;siai ldßhjiï úiska ukfï flda,u kñka m< fldg we;s 1980.01.26 Èk r;a;kmsáfha urKdOdr ió;sh yd 1985.06.07 Èk fi!kao¾h wOHhk wdh;kfha m¾fhaIK yd m%ldYk lñgqj ixúOdkh lrk ,o ukfï flda,ï o¾Ykfha § fydalkaor f;dauia weâ,ska lmq uy;d m%Odk k`Mjka l< rx.h wdY%fhka 1986 § m< l< lD;sfha tk lreKq iei`¥ úg flda,ï kdaglfha l%ñl úldYkfha iajrEmh y`ÿkd .; yels h.fï msgm;a ;=fkka u th iudc hd;=l¾uhla f,i mej;s wdldrh ms<sn`o f;dr;=re o; fkd yels h. le,fõ msgmf;a fyajd flda,u i`oyd u muKla ixjdo we;. wfkla ish¨ pß; ixjdofha fkd fhfohs.tfy;a .=Kodif.a msgm; yd ;siai ldßhjiï olajk úia;r wkqj flda,u b;d u m%didx.sl njla ,nd we;.tys wNspdrd;aul ,laIK we;af;a kdu ud;% jYfhka muKs. flda,ï;=,a,d,a hla f;dú,a mD;=.Sis nd,a kegqï lmsß[a[d ;d, iu.;a hqfrdamSh úfkdao ixialD;sh iu`.;a,kdv.ï yd kQ¾;sj, we;s iajNdúl rx. ffY,sh yd m%didx.sl nj;a ld,dkq rEm j Bg tla j we;.t ksid l,d udOHhla f,i yev.eiqkq flda,u tla ck j¾.hl wkkH;d ,laIK fmkakqï fkd lrhs.

fï lreK jvd;a fyd`Èka jgyd .ekSug wïn,kaf.dv gqlaldjvq flda,ï mrmqf¾ úldYkh ms<sn`o mÍlaId lr n,uq. flda,u yqfola lrdj l=,fha l,djla o ke;fyd;a th nyq ixialD;sl iïnkaOhla we;s l,djla o hkak bka fidhd .; yels h.

uy wïn,kaf.dv gqlaldjvq .=re mrïmrdj

1950 -60 oYlj, irÉpkaø yd tï.tÉ .=K;s,l úiska lrkq ,enQ wOHhkj,ska tjl wïn,kaf.dv flda,ï kegqïj,g iïnkaO jQ l,dlrejka ms<sn`o f;dr;=re fidhd .; yels h. wïn,kaf.dv flda,ï kegqï mrïmrd folla fjhs. ta fol kï gqlald jvq mrïmrdj yd cqjka jvq mrïmrdj hs. fï wOHhkh i`oyd gqlaldjvq mrïmrdj mdol lr .kq ,enQfha 1950 oYlfha isg fï .=re mrmqr ms<sn`o úoaj;=ka /ila u lreKq ix.%y lr we;s ksid h. fï mrmqr flda,ï kdgH ;ju;a mj;ajdf.k hk w;r m%p,s; u flda,ï iïm%odhg Wreulï lshkafkda o fj;s. flda,ï ms<sn`o m%uqL u m¾fhaIlhd jQ irÉpkaø wOHhkh lr we;af;a  o fï .=re mrmqf¾ flda,ï h. 1948 wf.daia;= udifha ,xldjg ú;a gqlaldjvq .=Kodif.a flda,ï kdgH krUd tjlg 80 úhe;s mE,sia o is,ajd o uqK .efik fnß,a o iQfÜ(Beryl De Zoete) fï flda,ï lKavdhu ms<sn`o igyka lrkqfha fu mrsÈ h.

“ish¨ keÜgqfjda mjqf,a wh fj;s.TjqyQ Wvrg m%foaYfha úúO fldka;rd;a lghq;=j, ksr; j isá;s.TjqyQ bÈ lrkafkda,fmof¾refjda,jvqfjda yd fjia uqyqKq ;kkafkda fj;s.Tjqka ol=Kq bka§h igkaldó f.da;%hla jk l=re jxYh kï l=,hg wh;a fõ.Tjqka jir fo oyilg muK fmr isxy, rcqf.a wdOdrhg f.kajd .kakd ,o l=,S fyajdhka hhs is;sh yels h..”(1957:191).jir fo oyilg fmr hhs mejiSu w;sfYdala;shls.fudjqka u;lhg k.kafka o uqlalrygfka isoaêh hs.

fldaÜfÜ wjêfha lrdj l=,fha msßia rchg iemhQ rdcldßh ^noao& jQfha jvq fiajh hs. ,S leghï yd ±juh Ys,am ms<sn`o TjqyQ olaIfhda jQy ^úu,dkkao, f;kakfldaka,1963(274&.b;d w,xldr yd j¾Kj;a fjia uqyqKq lemSu isÿ jQfha fï jvqjka w;sks. tfy;a flda,u kdglhla f,i j¾Okh ùug Bg meÈ, .ehqï ;d, yd kegqï fuka u jdok o tla lrk ,oafoa fnrj l=,fha l,dlrejka úisks.

wïn,kaf.dv ysf¾j;af;a cqjkajvq flda,ï mrmqr fjkqfjka o uy wïn,kaf.dv gqlaldjvq mrmqr fjkqfjka o flda,ï i`oyd fnr jehSu, fydrKE jdokh, keàï yd .ehSï fjkqfjka o odhl ù we;af;a fnka;r m%foaYfha fnrj l=, .ï folla jQ iqoaof.dv yd ;=kaÿj hk .ï fofla Ys,amSka h ^m;auisß,2013.11.06 &. iqoaof.dv fnrj l=, Ys,amSka msßilf.a odhl;ajh we;s j  f;añia chfialr yd ðkodi chfialrf.a ueÈy;aùfuka 1940 - 1960 .Kkaj, fnka;r m%foaYfha o flda,ï yd flda,ï uQKq iys; kQ¾;s ikao¾Yk mj;ajd we;. fnkaf;dg nyq;rhla fjfikqfha f.dú.u l=,fha msßia h. Tjqka wd.u oyug fnfyúka we¨ï lr;;a úfkdaohg t;rï Wkkaÿ jk ck msßila fkdfõ. m%idx.sl l,d ms<sn`o yelshdj yd Wkkaÿj fuka u Wreuhla we;s fnrj l=,fha msßia tjeks u l,d risl;ajhla yd úfkdaoldó ixialD;shla iys; wïn,kaf.dv lrdj l=, ckhd iu`. uqiq ùu isÿ j we;.

19 jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha isg u flda,ï kdglh j¾Okh ùu i`oyd fï l=, fofla ixfhda.h fya;= ù we;.my; i`oyka 1 j.=fjka ±lafjkafka uy wïn,kaf.dv gqlaldjvq mrmqf¾ flda,ï b;sydih iu`. iudka;r j fnkaf;dg iqoaof.dv yd ;=kaÿj m%foaYj, Ôj;a jQ fnrj l=, l,dlrejkaf.a b;sydih úldYkh jk wdldrh hs. fuys ±lafjk fnrj l=, Ys,amSka gqlaldjvq mrmqr yd iïnkaO j isá njg jd¾;d ù we;s msßi hs.

     

ld,h	fnka;r .=re mrmqr	uy wïn,kaf.dv .=re mrmqr
l%s.j 1800 uq,	iskao .=rekakdkafia fnr jdokh,t<sh .=rekakdkafia	à.ví.Thsksia jvq rd<ydñ -1800 ld,h tia.tÉ.´Èßia à.ví.mE,sia - uqo,s flda,u wd¾.tï .odú;a is[af[d fla.tï wd.sßia ydñ fla.tï.u¾f;aksia à.ví.iqnfkaßia - wKfnr flda,u f;dañia wmamq fla.tÉ.iõfkaßia tia.fâúâ - fkdkaÑflda,u tia.tÉ.ú,shï ta.tï.cdka is,ajd mS.tÉ.fukaÈßia tï.tÉ.Èfhdaksia
1850-1950	odks .=rekakdkafia fnrjdokh, äx.sß^ iskao.=ref.a u,a,S& yd ,ehsfkaßia	à.ví.mE,sia -1856$1955 à.ví.iqnfkaßia - wKfnr flda,u tia.fâúâ - fkdkaÑflda,u f;dañia wmamq tia.tÉ.ú,shï tï.tÉ.Èfhdaksia fla.tÉ.iõfkaßia ta.tï.cdka is,ajd mS.tÉ.fukaÈßia tia.tï.idfu,a is,ajd î.tÉ.tf,aksia is,ajd fla.tï.wd.sßia ydñ mS.tÉ.;=isuka à.ví.isßu,a
1920-1977	iqoaof.dv wuri .=rekakdkafia kkao .=rekakdkafia yd tkao .=re fnrjdokh,f;aÈßia yd ,ehsfkaßia fydrKE( B. irfkaßia	à.ví..=Kodi -1903$1977 à.ví.ihsuka is,ajd ví,sõ.veksmd, Ô.Ô.iq.;odi à.ví.iquKisß B.l=,fiak pkaøfidau ìkaÿfyajd à.ví.úfÊisß fla.weï we,anÜ weï.tÉ.fidaumd, weia.tÉ.l=,isß
1980 isg wo olajd	taäka .=rekakdkafia m;auisß ùrisxy l=uqÿ l=udr	à.ví.yßYapkaø
uq,dY%( o is,ajd, ðfkakøjxY,2003 yd .=K;s,l,weï.tÉ,1968			1 j.=j

wo o flda,ï keàfï § fï l=, fol w;r in`o;dj fndfyda ÿrg mj;S. à.ví,sõ yßYapkaø uy wïn,kaf.dv fjk u flda,ï lKavdhula mj;ajd f.k hk w;r m;auisß ùrisxy ;=kaÿfõ fjk u flda,ï kegqï lKavdhula mj;ajdf.k hhs. m;auisß l;djia;= r`. olajk È.= flda,ï kdglhla bÈßm;a fkd lrk w;r jeo.;a mQ¾j rx. lsysmhlska hq;= meh 3 l muK m%ix.hla f,i flda,ï kegqï bÈßm;a lrhs. l=uqÿ l=udr Ys,amshd o ixpdrl fydag,aj, flda,ï mQ¾j rx. kegqï muKla kghs.

uq,a wjêfha úúO Ys,am l%u tla tla úfYaIs; l=,j,g fjka j mej;sh o miqld,Sk j l=, úfYaI;ajhla fkdue;s j tajdfhys fhfokq ±lsh yels h. fnkaf;dg iqoaof.dv Ôj;a jk fnrj l=, Ys,amsfhl= jQ fkdanÜ^63&flda,ï kegqï i`oyd fnr jehSu l< w;r fjiauqyqKq lemSu o uekúka W.;a wfhls. wïn,kaf.dv lrdj l=,fha Ys,amSka w;r o fjia uqyqKq lemSug wu;r j .dhkh yd jdokh hk Ys,am ms<sn`o j mßphla we;s msßia isá;s. flda,fï ñY% j we;s tla tla l,d wx. w;S;fha l=, w;r fn§ mej;sh o wo jk úg ta YlH;d ñY% j f.dia we;. fkdanÜ mjik f,i w;S;fha .rd hla fjia uqyqKq me<`o .rd hl=fï keàug wjir ;snQfha T,S l=,fha ñksiqkag muKs. tfy;a wo jk úg .rd hla fjia uqyqKq me<`o kgk wkH l=,j, wh fndfyda isá;s ^fkdanÜ(63&.1950 ld,fha fnkaf;dg f.dhs.u msßia flda,ï kegqï kegQ nj ã.tia.fmdkakïfmreu i`oyka lrhs. kS,siaf.j;a; m%foaYfha uvq .id fmd,aw;=j,ska wdjrKh lr fjiauqyqKq odf.k l< úys`M /.=ï ;ud l=vd ld,fha kerUQ nj Tyq i`oyka lrhs. ;udf.a mshd jQ 1956 fkdjeïn¾ ñh .sh isxy, udOH .=rejrfhl= jQ ã.fÊ. fmdkakïfmreu ^f.dú.u& uy;d i;= j o fyajd flda,u fjia uqyqKla, isxy uqyqKq, kd.rdiai uqyqKq folla yd hla fnrhla mej;s nj Tyq mjihs. ish mshdg fnr .eiSug yelshdj ;snQ nj;a ;ukaf.a u,a,Sg wuri .=rekakdkafia ^fnrj& ,jd fyd`Èka kegqï yd fnr jdokh b.ekajQ nj;a mjihs. nia;shka f,fkdard kï ish wi,ajeis ;reKfhla fï Ydia;%j,g jYS ù fooaÿfõ ueKaäia .=rekakdkafiaf.ka Ys,am Wf.k miqj lÜgdäfhla njg u m;a jQ nj Tyq mjihs ^ã.tia. fmdkakïfmreu,90&.thska fmfkkqfha fï ld,h jk úg l=,j,g fjka ù ;snQ ld¾hhka fjk;a l=,j, wh o lrkakg mgka.;a nj hs.1956 we;s jQ cd;sl ixialD;sl ixfla; W;al¾Ihg kexùfï jHdmdrh u.ska fï .eñ l,d l=, mka;s wd§ fn§ïj,ska uqojd zzcd;sl wkkH;d ,laIKZZ f,i biau;= lf<a h. irÉpkaøf.a ueÈy;aùfuka fï .eñ kdgl by< uOHu mka;sh w.h lrk l,djka njg m;a flßK.

flda,ï kdglfha iïNjh tla ck j¾.hla wdY%fhka meyeÈ,s l< fkd yels h. th nyq ixialD;sl nyq wd.ñl ixialD;sldx. /il ixl,khls. ld,dkqrEm j iajrEmh fjkia lrñka wNspdrd;aul iajrEmfha isg úfkdaod;aul yd m%didx.sl l,djla njg th m;aùfï § úúO ixialD;Skays wdNdIh ,nd ;sfí.fuys § wOHhkh l< gqlaldjvq mrmqf¾ o lrdj l=,h;a fnrj l=,h;a hk fol u flda,ï kdglh mj;ajdf.k hdfï ,d úfYaI odhl;ajhla olajd we;. lrdj l=,fha ixl%uKh yd ne`oS mej;sh o th yqfola u tu l=,fha l,djlehs ±laùu ksjerÈ fkd fõ.ksoyfika miq we;sjQ cd;sl ixialD;sl ixfla; ixj¾Okh lsÍfï jHdmdrh ;=< l=, fNaohlska f;dr j flda,ï jeks rx. l,d cd;sl l,dx. f,i i,ld mj;ajdf.k hdu ±lsh yels h. thska fï l=, wkkH;d ;jÿrg;a uelS f.dia we;.flda,u lrdj l=,fha ixialD;sldx.hla f,i rd>jka ±lajqj o th jd¾.sl mokulska ú.%y l< fkd yels nj fmfka.th mQ¾jfhka .eñ ck l,djla f,i;a miq j isxy, uOHu mdka;sl l,dx.hla f,i;a mj;sk nj ksÍlaIKh l< yels h.

fuu ,smsh  Indian Journal of Research in Management, Business and Social Sciences (IJRMBSS - eISSN: 2321-9874 | ISSN: 2319-6998)i`.rdfõ  2014 cqks ui l,dmfha ^Vol. 2 I Issue 2& Caste Roots of Sinhalese Mask Drama (kolam) kñka m< jQ ,smsfha isxy, mßj¾;kh hs.

fï m¾fhaIKh i`oyd odhl;ajh imhk ,oafoa reyqK úYaj úoHd,h cd;Hka;r ;,hg f.khdfï jHdmD;sh úisks.

igyka:

1.flda,fï È.= mQ¾j rx.hla we;.fï mQ¾j rx.h ;=< úúO ukqIH i;aj yd wukqIH pß; we;.flda,ï msgmf;ka msgm;g pß; m%udK fjkia fõ.ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.drfha we;s msgmf;a ^Or 4995& l;d pß; o we;=,;a j pß; 51 ls.uy wïu,kaf.dv gqlaldjvq yßYapkaøf.a msgmf;a we;s pß; 18ls.fld<U fl!;=ld.drfha we;s AC 14 msgmf;a we;s pß; m%udKh19 ls^.=K;s,l,weï.tÉ,1968(34-55&.le,fõ olajd we;af;a pß; 7la muKs^1829(9&.flda,ï fjiauqyqKq wdY%fhka fmdÿ pß; lsysmhla y`ÿkd .; yels h.tkï,wKfnr flda,u,fkdkaÑ wlald,wdrÉÑ,fyajd flda,uuqo,s flda,u,ci fyj;a fma`ä flda,u,fmd,sia flda,u,rc yd ìij,kd. lkHdj,kd. rdiai,.=re`M rdiai,lj rdiai ta w;r m%Odk fõ.

2.fï l;djia;= w;r ukfï,i`ols`ÿre,p;%mdkS l;dj,f.daäïnr l;dj,wdÈh ±lsúh yelsh. ^.=K;s,l,weï.tÉ,1968(193-254&. Or 4995ys .u l;dj kñka l;djla o we;.

3.rd>jka Spolia Zeylanica:Bulletin of the national museum of the Ceylon ys m< lr we;s ,sms n,kak.

4. tï.ã rd>jka uOqrdis úYajúoHd,fha udkj úoHd wOHhkdxYfha m%:u wxY m%OdkS fõ.1946 isg fl!;=ld.dr fomd¾;fïka;=jg iïnkaO ù ,xldfõ udkj úoHd m¾fhaIKj, kshe,S we;.Tyq 1961 § m< l< The Karava  of Ceylon,Socity and Culture lD;sfha VII jk mßÉfþofha tk f;dr;=re fuys olajd we;. fuu fmdf;a PDF msgm;la b;d myiqfjka wka;¾cd,fhka ,nd .; yels h.

5. OïumoÜGl:dfõ hula j.a. jKakkdfõ ld,s hlalskS j;a:qj n,kak

uQ,dY%(

flda,ï msgm;a:

·         Ac 14 orK fld<U fl!;=ld.drfha we;s flda,ï kgkjd kñka hq;a mqiafld, fmd;.

·         or4995 kñka lvodis m;abre 58lska hq;a flda,ka keàfï lú kñka ì%;dkH fl!;=ld.drfhka msgm;a fldgf.k rdcH f,aLkd.drfha we;s Pdhd msgm;.

·         ví,sõ.wd;¾ o is,ajd yd .=Kmd, u,,fialr úiska ixialrKh l< isxy, ck iïu; ldjH lD;sfha we;s flda,ï msgm;. fuh 1935 § rdclSh wdishd;sl ió;sfha ,xld YdLdj úiska m%ldYhg m;a flßK.

·         uy wïn,kaf.dv à.ví. .=Kodif.a msgm; ±ka yßYapkaø i;= j we;. tï.tÉ..=K;s,l^1968& yd irÉpkaø^1952$1966& ish wOHhkh i`oyd Ndú; fldg we;.

iïuqL idlÉPd(

·         wïn,kaf.dv j;=f.or mÈxÑ rElv wkquxv,fha iNdm;s yd n,s weÿre Ô.fm%añka uy;d^68&iu. 2013.09.06 yd 2014.02.09 hkd§ Èkj, lrkq ,enQ idlÉPd.

·         m%ikak wfíj¾Ok uy;d^69& iu`. Tyqf.a b`ÿrefõ .,anv msysá ksjfia § 2014.02.08 Èk l< idlÉPdj.Tyq 1960 isg fnkaf;dg .%duks,OdÍ jrfhla f,i fiajh lr we;.iuia: ,xld .%du ks,OdÍ ix.ufha ysgmq iNdm;s f lfkls.

·         ynqre., ;=kaÿfõ mÈxÑ iuld,Sk flda,ï kdgHlrejl= jk taäka .=rekakdkafiaf.a mq;a m;auisß ùrisxy uy;d^57& iu`. 2013.11.06 yd 2014.02.11 hk Èlj, l< idlÉPd

·         uy wïn,kaf.dv ;=vqjuq,af,a mÈxÑ gqlaldjvq yßYapkaø uy;d^60& iu`. 2014.02.09 Èk l< idlÉPdj

·         fnkaf;dg iqoaof.dv mÈxÑ fjiauqyqKq leghï Ys,amS yd fnr jdok Ys,smS fkdanÜ uy;d^63&iu. 2014.02.25 Èk l< idlÉPdj.

·         ±kg fnkaf;dg isák jhia.; u ±k W.;a mqoa.,hd jQ iQßhf.dv mÈxÑ ã.tia. fmdkakïfmreu uy;d ^90&iu. 2014.02.26 Èk meje;ajQ idlÉPdj.

·         fnkaf;dg iqoaof.dv mÈxÑ ã.trd,sia lÜgä uy;d iu`. 2014.02.23 Èk l< idlÉPdj.

·         fldaïu, Wmka ±kg .,a;=vqj m%foaYfha fjfik ã.fla.´.fla.Y%shd,;d^58& 2014.03.12 Èk l< idlÉPdj.

ÿrl:k idlÉPd:

·         fnka;r wdrÉÑuq,af,a mÈxÑ jD;a;Sh kegqï Ys,amS yd fnr jdol l=uqÿ l=udr uy;d^38& iu`. 2014.02.25 Èk l< ÿrl:k idlÉPdj.

bx.%Sis lD;s:

·         Ariyapala,M.B.(1956).Socity in Mediaeval Ceylon.Colombo:Department of Cultural affairs.

• Callaway,John. (1829).Yakkun Nattannawa and Kolan Nattanawa. London: Oriental translation fund

·         Casie Chitty,Simon.(1834).Ceylon Gazetteer,Ceylon:Cotta Church Mission Press.

·         De Zoete, Beril (1957).Dance and Magic Drama in Ceylon. London:

• Pertold,Otakar. (1973).The Ceremonial Dances of the Sinhalese , 2^nd edition, Dehiwala-Sri Lanka:Thisara Publication ltd.

·         Raghavan,M.D.(1964).India in Ceylon History, Society and culture, India: Asia Publising House:,129.p cited in M.H Goonatilleka,1968.

·                                 (1961).The Karava  of Ceylon,Socity and Culture, Colombo: K.V.G.De Silva and Sons.

·         Ryan,Bryce.(1993).Cast in modern Ceylon, 2^nd edition, New Delhi:Navrang.

bx.%Sis ,sms:

·         Devi,Ragini.(1966).Kolam Thullal–The Masked Dance Ritual, Marg. A magazine of the Arts, Vol.xix,March,1966,No.2:Bombay,48.p cited in M.H Goonatilleka,(1968).

·         Jayawardana, A.(1884). Kalikovila, Jurnal of Royal Asiatic Society (Ceylon) Vol. viii, No. 29,434-439 p.p.

·         Raghavan,M.D.( 1951).The kinnaraya–the Tribe of Mat Weavers, Ethnological Survey of Ceylon No 2. Spolia Zeylanica: Bulletin of the National Museum of Ceylon, 26 (i) 1951. Dec: Colombo.

bx.%Sisfhka isxy,g mßj¾;s; lD;s:

·         l=udriajdñ.ta.fla.(1962).uOH ld,Sk isxy, l,d.(medieval Sinhalese Arts), mß. tÉ.tï.fidaur;ak, fld<U: ixialD;sl lghq;= wud;HYh.

·         mSßia,wd¾.(1964).isxy, iudc ixúOdkh (Sinhala Social Organization), l¾;D mßj¾;kh, fld<U: iuka m%ldYk

·         irÉpkaø,B.(1999)isxy, .eñ kdglh (Sinhala adaptation of The Folk Darma of Ceylon,1966),3jk uqøKh, urodk(f.dvf.a m%ldYk.

isxy, lD;s:

·         Y%S iqux., ysñ,ví,sõ.(1876). b;sydi,fld<U:wdfkda,aâ vhia úiska m%ldYs; hs.

·         .=K;s,l,tï.tÉ.(1968). flda,ï kdgl idys;Hh.urodk:r;ak m%ldYk.

·         ±< nKavdr,.dñKS.(2000).isxy, flda,ï iïm%odh .le,Ksh: iïNdjH m%ldYk.

·         o is,ajd,fÊ.ví,sõ.(2003).l,d .=re gqlaldjvq .=Kodi m%Kdudxc,S, .=Kodi wkqiaurK lñgqj, wïn,kaf.dv.

·         ldßhjiï,à,(1986).ukfï flda,u . le,Ksh:YS,d uqøKd,h.

·         úfÊiQßh,tia.(2004).ixia. mfrú ikafoaYh. fldaÜfÜ:iyNd.S;aj ixj¾Ok m¾Ioh.

·         úu,dkkao,à.(1963).Wvrg uy le/,a,. fld<U: tï.ã..=Kfiak.

isxy, ,sms:

·         l=udr,jika;.(1990).hlaI f.da;%sl ms§u w¾:j;a l< È.af.a ia;%S rx.kh, l,d i`.rdj,Vol.35- foieïn¾, fld<U: ,xld l,d uKav,h,46-48 msgq

fjí wvú:

• http://www.lankalibrary.com/rit/kolam.htm
• https://www.facebook.com/pages/Traditional-Kolam-Dancing-Maha-Ambalangoda/109452742477818
• http://www.ariyarathnekaluarachchi.com/index_.php

              

l;=jreka ms<sn`o(

1.uydpd¾h chka; wurisxy(B.A (hon)fmardfoKsh, M.A fmardfoKsh, reyqK úYajúoHd,fha isxy, wOHhkdxYfha uydpd¾hjrfhls,idys;H úpdrlfhls.m¾fhaIlfhls.

2.iuka tï.ldßhlrjk(B.A (hon)reyqK, M.A le,Ksh,úpdrlfhls.iajdëk m¾fhaIlfhls.